Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie :: Free Essay Writer

Tennessee William's The Glass Menagerie The truth is only a deception, but an industrious one. - Albert Einstein. The most significant subject in The Glass Menagerie is the trouble individuals have in tolerating and identifying with the real world. Because of their powerlessness to defeat this trouble, the characters pull back into a private universe of hallucination to discover the solace they can’t find, in actuality. Out of the three Wingfield relatives, Laura most likely is the one living uttermost away from the real world. There are a few images in the play that speak to that here and there. Her glass assortment that she cautiously deals with, is the conjured up universe she lives in to get away from the genuine live where she doesn’t finish secondary school, bombs composing class, and doesn’t have any â€Å"gentlemen callers† like her mom anticipates that her should. Another image for Laura’s character is â€Å"Blue Roses†, the epithet Jim gives her in secondary school. Blue roses are, albeit wonderful, not genuine and can’t be found in nature, what alludes to Laura’s uniqueness yet in addition to her own one of a kind, extraordinary excellence that lies past her distinction and powerlessness to live in actuality. By and large, Laura is a significant character, on the grounds that the entire story is fundamentally about her (Tom lets us know) an d she likewise is the person who is generally worried about the play’s subject of pulling back from the real world. From the outset sight Tom is by all accounts the just one in the Wingfield family who is equipped for working in reality, communicating with outsiders, and holding down a vocation to back his mom and sister. In any case, he likewise, pulls back into his figments to slip off the ceaseless clashes with his mom and his disappointment about his monotone, negligible life. During the play, Tom frequently specifies â€Å"the movies† he’s setting off to constantly, which speak to his endeavor to get away from this and to give him the fantasy of experience. The equivalent goes for the emergency exit to where Tom regularly pulls back at whatever point the â€Å"fire† of contention and contending with Amanda gets to hot. Tom's demeanor toward his sister confounds the peruser, since despite the fact that he plainly thinks about her, he is much of the time unconcerned and even unfeeling. Not once in the play does he carry on merciful or affectionately toward Laura, not in any event, when he thumps down her glass zoological garden. Laura on the opposite side is the main character who, regardless of the narrow-mindedness that describes the Wingfield family, never really hurt any other individual.

Coca

Coca-Cola: Diversity Essay Examination of an Organization: Traci Jancasz June 15, 2010 MGT 540: Diversity Professor Venecia Morris Graduate School of Management Table of Contents Introduction3 Racial Discrimination Issues3 â€Å"Quota Cola† Case3 Cincinnati Case4 Hawaii Case4 Coca-Cola Company Reaction to Lawsuits5 Analysis of Coca-Cola Diversity Initiatives8 Works Cited10 - Introduction In request for any association to prosper, there must be incorporation of social assorted variety all through. In saying that, the administration of decent variety in an association is an immediate impression of acknowledging, tolerating, and recognizing contrasts, regardless of whether it depends on race, ethnicity, age, and so on. The accompanying report will concentrate on the assorted variety issue of racial separation that the Coca Cola association has been managing for a lot of time. There will be proof examined of a few cases managing this issue for as far back as ten years. What's more, the investigation will go above and beyond by referencing the different projects that have been adjusted, so as to manage the decent variety issues, just as what the association should and should be possible to maintain a strategic distance from future issues. - Racial Discrimination Issues Although the Coca-Cola Company has had gained notoriety for its decent variety programs, there have been a few segregation bodies of evidence that have been documented against the association inside the most recent decade. Despite the fact that in a portion of the cases documented, the association is denying the charges, it despite everything must respond to the claims so as to conform to feelings from both interior and outside partners. In all the cases that will be referenced, the board is blamed for coming up short on, making threatening workplace, and general separation with respect to whistle blowing. â€Å"Quota Cola† Case The case delivered in 1999 and settled in 2000, set up for a lot of changes to be made in the Coca-Cola Company. Four dark, disappointed representatives recorded a racial segregation claim dependent on charges of Coca-Cola coming up short on them since they were dark and making an unfriendly workplace. This case wound up turning into a legal claim that was privately addressed any outstanding issues. All the more normally known as, â€Å"Quota Cola Case†, it opened the conduits for some more instances of racial segregation charges to be brought against Coca-Cola. The settlement for this case, with every one of extra charges totaled somewhat over $475 million, which secured all â€Å"salaried blacks utilized by the association in the U. S. rom April 22, 1995 to June 14, 2000. † The settlement and expenses incorporated the salaried representatives, yet in addition gifts to such associations as: NCAA (national exertion and Atlanta Coke Bottler), Minority Suppliers and Contractors, Coke benefits reserves, and other minority activism and non-benefits (Things Go Better with Quotas? Case 26: Quota Cola! , 2002). Despite the fact that there was a lot of changes that Coke experienced because of the past case, which will be examined later, there have been two different cases rotating around racial separation. The two cases are at present still on-going in the court framework. Cincinnati Case Another legal claim was documented in October of 2001 by a gathering of around 1,000 African-Americans that worked for the organization since 1995. The claims of the case blame Coke for â€Å"creating a threatening, scary, hostile and injurious work environment condition for its African-American representatives. † Claims expressed that chiefs permitted white workers to both genuinely and intellectually misuse minority representatives, minorities (counting Asians and Native Americans) were restrained more harshly than white workers, and were denied additional time and special chances. A representative for Coca-Cola offered a nonexclusive expression in light of the allegations, expressing that the association â€Å"does not endure separation of any kind† and that if there are any claims, it is paid attention to and managed rapidly. Then again, Kevin Johnson, African-American and previous HR supervisor (delegated after the main claim), had a few experiences into the association that was expressed in an update with respect to the assessment of race relations at the plant. He takes note of that there is a â€Å"very clear requirement for instruction in the territory of bigotry, assorted variety and key preparing for managers and key jobs in the association. † Additionally, Johnson clarified the laborers as being â€Å"tense† due to â€Å"disparate treatment† to minorities. The appointed authority that granted the case to turn into a legal claim educated the offended parties that they should look for fiscal pay independently (Lovel, 2003). Hawaii Case Most as of late, in mid 2009, two previous Coca-Cola workers recorded suit against the organization. Both of Asian heritage, the plaintiff’s asserted that they had been terminated for whistle-blowing on an official that was forcing representatives for positive audits, so as to get expanded rewards. Months after an objection was recorded with the organization’s hotline the two men were ended from their long-standing positions. There was an endeavor of their part to speak with the VP of HR, however their endeavors were not responded. Harrison Bergeron EssayRacial segregation is most normally thought of an unrivaled race ruling and in any event, keeping down the advancement of another race. In the business world, this is typically thought of as white administrators being in the predominant job and minorities (blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and so forth ) being the last mentioned. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, restricts separation in instruction, lodging, open facilities, and work. Since its beginning, associations have endeavored to locate the correct decent variety strategies that conform to guidelines, yet in addition merge with the organization culture/condition. There are different standards or approaches that authoritative pioneers have created and actualized that take into consideration associations to oversee assorted variety. In relationship to the cases, there are two such standards that ought to have been trailed by Coke. The first is the Discrimination-and-Fairness Paradigm, which â€Å"makes endeavors to select and, somewhat, to hold different workers, yet treats all individuals inside a given social segment class as the equivalent. There are issues that accompany following this worldview, which incorporate that the organization might not have a created procedure for assorted variety the board and it might leave minorities without a genuine voice in the organization. The eminent worldview is the Access-and Legitimacy Paradigm, which organizations â€Å"accept and commend contrasts so they can all the more likely serve their differing pool of customers† (Sondak, 2011). In perusing the cases and has responded, hitherto, apparen tly they have changed from using the Discrimination-and-Fairness Paradigm to the Access-and Legitimacy Paradigm. There is a likelihood that the association could have kept away from a large number of the separation claims by fortifying the strategies of the Access-and Legitimacy Paradigm. The organization was in incredible need of patching up their arrangements and systems in assorted variety and the â€Å"Quota Cola† suit made them take those intense activities. In spite of the fact that these progressions were vital for proceeded with achievement of the association, it is hard to laud the association for changes that they were constrained into. The cases all referenced that there were issues with management’s treatment towards minorities, I. e. ostile workplace. Despite the fact that the projects, strategies and panels are built up at the corporate level, the genuine decent variety issues are occurring in the plants. There is no notice in any of the writing examined that Coke does any catch up with their plant chiefs to assess the advancement of assorted variety activities. Also , since the main case had such a huge out of court settlement, this conceivably opened the conduits for other such cases to be documented. What is it Coke’s wellbeing over the long haul to not have their day in court? Some may state no. The progressions that Coke has made with respect to assorted variety in the working environment have been huge to the association. This is reflected in the numerous honors and acknowledgments the organization has gotten. So as to proceed with progress with assorted variety, it is significant that Coke is continually assessing corporate strategy, yet in addition that the strategies are being actualized fittingly. As recently expressed, the claims were all coming from issues with the executives from the plants. These supervisors are an immediate impression of the association and ought to have arbitrary assorted variety assessments all the time. This sort of step will just add to the as of now organization assorted variety methodology of being a model for all other top Fortune 500 organizations. - Works Cited Coca-Cola Staff. (2009). Open Issues And Divesity Review Committee Charter. Recovered June 15, 2010, from The Coca-Cola Company: www. thecoca-colacompany. com/speculators/administration/open. html F. Dobbin, A. K. (2007). Assorted variety Management in Corporate America. American Sociological Association , pp. 21-27. Johnston, L. (2006, August 25). Coca-Cola duplicates assorted variety endeavors. Recovered June 15, 2010, from Atlanta Business Chronicle: www. atlanta. bizjournals. com/atlanta/stories/2006/08/28/focus4. html? tt=printable Lovel, J. (2003, May 2). Race Discrimination Suit Targets Coke Bottler CCE. Recovered June 13, 2010, from Atlanta Business Chronicle: www. atlant. bizjournals. com/atlanta/stories/2003/05/05/story1. html Magin, J. (2009, February 20). Ex-Hawaii Workers Sue Coca-Cola for Discrimination. Recovered June 15, 2010, from Pacific Business News: www. atlantabizjournals. com/pacific/stories/2009/02/23/story5. tml Our Progress. (2009). Recovered June 15, 2010, from Coca-Cola: http://www. thecoc

How to Write an Expository Essay Topic

How to Write an Expository Essay TopicCollege students are very excited about human affair essay topics. It is a fantastic way to earn college credit, and it is something that will help you get noticed. If you are one of those young adults who are having difficulties getting their words out, then you may want to take a look at these tips on how to write an affair essay topic.Human affair essay topics are going to vary from each other based on the subject matter. You should be very clear on what your goals are when you write. The most important thing is to come up with a good thesis statement which will allow you to begin writing.You also want to make sure that you have an outline. That way, you can break your thoughts down into the proper sections and take a look at them later. You should come up with a general theme for your essay and also one that can serve as a starting point. This will save you a lot of trouble, time, and effort.Next, you should begin to think about the personal relationships between the people in your essay. Do they have a history together? What is the type of relationship that they have? When you start writing, you should begin to answer these questions, then move on to the specifics.Just because you are writing an essay to earn college credit does not mean that you are writing about cheating online or on campus. You need to understand that the essay is not meant to reveal anything that is embarrassing or shameful. These topics tend to be off-limits for essays, and students are usually very reluctant to write about something that is so close to the surface.Students often ask if there are any mistakes that will show up in the human affair essay topics that cannot be avoided. The answer is no. There are some who do not understand how to write an essay, but you do not need to worry about that.When you are writing about cheating online or on campus, you must be careful to avoid anything that will ruin your credibility or leave a bad impressio n with your audience. The one mistake that most students make is writing an essay that is not factual. This can lead to a strong negative opinion of the student, which will be much more difficult to recover from than one that is written well.Students who are writing essays about cheating online or on campus have a responsibility to their readers to deliver a thorough, well-researched report. Failing to provide all the facts can lead to a negative response. You may be surprised to find that some people may have been genuinely offended by your research, so it is important to be upfront about your methods and techniques.

How Does Management Impact Globalization - 894 Words

With the expanding world we live in globalization and international trade has become a key part of large business, corporations and organizations alike. But how does management impact globalization in business? There are a few key aspects to properly understanding what is needed when running a business abroad. Understanding cultural differences and behavioral changes internationally is the first step to succeeding abroad. Additionally, when any business goes abroad or widens their horizons, one must manage the â€Å"bottom line† financially properly or it could lead to ruin. And lastly, understanding that managerial styles change depending on the county one is in is a key factor in retaining good employees. In many ways, the amount the business will thrive becomes obvious if you observe how it and it s employees conduct themselves out of the â€Å"safe zone† of their home country. Having an understanding of behavioral and cultural differences will be the aspect that can either make or break a budding companies relationships abroad. Many times miscommunication is common and normal for businesses out of their element. It is not the occurrence of the miscommunication or misunderstandings that will break your chances with a potential client/ partner; it is how you react to these miscommunication. For example; Imagine yourself as a person raised in a country where optimism is expected in the work environment and everyone has a team attitude as well as rewards are given on a team basis.Show MoreRelatedGlobalization and Its Impact on International Business Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages............3 What is Globalization....................................................4 The engines for Globalizations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Globalization’s impacts on international business†¦..7 The road ahead for international business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Introduction Every day we hear it on the news, read it in the papers, overhear people talking about it†¦ and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a differentRead MoreManagement Of The Globalization Of Business1102 Words   |  5 PagesManagement in the Globalization of Business By Daryle Brown Over the past few decades, the information age has had a major impact on business – one of the biggest being globalization. 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Their sizeRead MoreGlobalization Of Business : Globalization1486 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization in Business: Globalization refers to the changes in the world where we are moving away from self-contained countries and toward a more integrated world. Globalization of business is the change in a business from a company associated with a single country to one that operates in multiple countries. Impact of Globalization: Market globalization is the decline in barriers to selling in countries other than the home country. This change will make it easier for your company to begin sellingRead MoreGlobalization Of Business : Globalization1486 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization in Business: Globalization refers to the changes in the world where we are moving away from self-contained countries and toward a more integrated world. Globalization of business is the change in a business from a company associated with a single country to one that operates in multiple countries. 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World Economy Changed - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1418 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Scenario of the world economy changed very rapidly after Second World War. In the post world war scene, United States of America emerged as a dominant economic power where as the United Kingdom and France lost their leading roles in economic activities. The pattern of economic growth also changed a lot in post war era. It was large corporations in USA, engaged in manufacturing activities, which contributed in generation of millions of stable jobs, especially in manufacturing space. These big corporations formed the center of fast and stable economic growth over the years. Economy of scale, division of labor, specialized jobs, and economic might of these corporations made these large establishments unbeatable for years. Rest of the world was just follower of this model of industrial growth of United States of America. In later half of the twentieth century Whole world seen the emergence and growth of these large industrial organizations. Few of these industrial est ablishments grew in size enormously and established their bases in multiple countries. (U.S. Department of State. 2009). This was a result of search for new markets and cheaper resources, so as to maximize the profits. These big corporations drove the American economy as well as world economy for whole later half of the twentieth century. But with the beginning of the twenty first century, scenario started changing and symptom also began to be visible for trouble for these large organizations. American corporations, which were mainly in the manufacturing domain, began to feel the heat of changing economic scenario in the wake of cheap labor availability in East Asian countries. (Ted Fishman. 2005). It also came to fore that owing to smaller size, newly emerging corporations of smaller size, worked with more dynamism and efficiency. Overheads of these smaller corporations were also less as compared to large organizations. Emergence of service sector as a full fleshed industry also co ntributed in changing service conditions, compensation methods and pension benefits. This led to changes in financial markets as well. All these factors led to a situation where established financial market, job market and investment and monetary scenario came under transition towards a new set up and became somewhat unstable in that process. Tremors of this instability are felt far and wide in every part of the world. Stock markets fell in almost every country amidst fear of mounting losses. Banks failed in many parts of the world resulting failure of insurance companies along with these. A scenario emerged in United States where industry shown a final decisive shift from manufacturing to services. It also established that era of stable long lasting jobs is over now. People have to cope up with fast changing service and retail industry, where average tenure for a job is comparatively less as compared to a manufacturing industry job. Size and dimensions of Global Financial Crisis were unprecedented and caused failure of many large establishments like banks, insurance companies, manufacturing establishments, severe crisis in stock markets and escalation in unemployment threatening instability to whole financial mechanism in few countries. Governments of few countries had to come out with huge financial assistance packages to finance markets so as to maintain stability and seize any industrial unrest as a result. Though it was a complex web of many factors which led to global financial crisis, but few important ones can be listed as following. Economy of United States of America shifted from being a manufacturing as base to service at focus. This resulted in restructuring or reshaping of established large corporations in few cases whereas failure of few in others. (Gerald F. Davis. 2009). This caused a panic in stock markets, where people invested heavily in these large corporations seeing their profits and growth in previous years. Shift from manufactu ring based economy to services based economy resulted in reducing availability of long term jobs as in service industry jobs average tenure for job remains substantially low as compared to manufacturing industry jobs. This resulted in newer set of service conditions emerging for labor markets. One of the primary results was portable pension. It was to facilitate the worker, who had to change job frequently on account of fast changing service industry where average tenure for a job was somewhere near 3 years in general. (Department of Agriculture. 2009). But portable pension, required professional pension fund managing companies. These companies operated in professionally and to get higher returns invested these funds in stock markets with higher returns. Formulation of multiple and sensitive nature products out of these pension funds, created chaos, once stock markets started u underperforming as these funds were actually not meant for short term investments. When these pension f unds came in stock markets through institutional investors, these created in new perspective for stock prices. Focus shifted from performance of the corporations in deciding the price of share. But in the race of profit maximizing, rates were decided not only company profitability but tradability of company shares. (Gerald F. Davis 2009). This was not a sound practice and it complicated the whole stock market scenario, once market started falling. Financial market underwent deregulation, which let to development of few tradable instruments. These financial instruments came in to existence by securitization of mortgages and credit card debt etc. Common man having property which can be mortgaged became issuer of financial instruments. (Gerald F. Davis. 2009). At the other hand same person became investor in other type of instruments. This led to emergence of a very complex system of financial market, which was not only unclear in totality but unstable also. Inflated cost of houses was taken as basis for securitization, leading to wrong valuation of resulting financial instruments. Businesses have become very dynamic in every sphere now days. Internet has changed the way business was done traditionally. Now companies based in California are outsourcing their jobs from a location thousands miles away in some other part of the world. Similarly a company generating services at one end of the world is selling it at other end of the world. So world economy has become more integrated in current times than ever before. It has created a scene, where economy of one country gets affected by happening in some other country. But even then some steps can be taken so as to minimize the resulting impact of such type of financial crisis in future. Financial markets must have strong regulation, where valuation of every financial instruments is done with due deliberations. There should not be scope of inflated valuation of securities by few stake holders for their benefit s. There should also be categorization of assets which can be used for securitization. For example credit card debt is not a credible asset which should be allowed to be converted in security. Pension funds management by private professional fund managers are reality in current times. Scope and dimensions of their operations are bound to increase in future. But there must be brought a very strong regulatory mechanism, which regulate operations of funds management with prudent norms in place. These fund managers should not be allowed to invest with just an eye on maximizing the wealth of investors, but should also look for stability of the operations. Lending operations of the banks and other financial institutions should also be kept under check. Subprime lending not only reduces the stability of the operations, but also put the financial system at risk of losses. So only credit worthy individuals or institutions should be allowed to raise debt and that even within prudent lendi ng norms. There must be check on the exposure limit of individual banks or other non banking financial institutions to any single business house or industrial segments. Today business world is fact changing. Any innovation in particular industrial segment may alter whole established scenario, causing losses to big corporations. In such cases, if financial institutions have large exposure to such industrial house or industry, it causes problem of stability. Some time losses may be in the tune of even causing failure of bank. To avoid such scenario, it is all the time better to take preventive step of putting ceiling caps on exposure of banking and non banking financial institutions to any single industry of industrial house. There must strict regulations so as to govern stock markets, so as institutional investors are not in a position to manipulate prices of the stocks to their benefit. It has been observed that in few countries, institutional investors have manipulated the st ock prices resulting in losses to general investor community, erasing confidence of investors in market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "World Economy Changed" essay for you Create order

Identifying Innocent People On Death Row - 1381 Words

Jackie Delaney Professor Nagy The World of Crime Fiction 12/14/15 Identifying Innocent People on Death Row through DNA Evidence How has DNA evidence helped to identify innocent people on death row? This topic raises the question of how many people on death row should truly be there and what percent are innocent. Jay D. Aronson works at Carnegie Mellon University as an Assistant Professor of Science, Technology and Society, and Simon A. Cole works at the University of California as an Assistant professor of Criminology, Law and Society. According to Jay Aronson and Simon Cole â€Å"both abolitionists and death penalty reformers, who seek to promote a ‘scientific’ death penalty centered on DNA evidence, draw upon a mythologized notion of†¦show more content†¦Having the new technology in this modern day allows us to further our understanding of DNA evidence and leads us to understand the wrongful convictions in the past of death row, along with the use of the innocence project we are able to help those currently on death row. In order to properly discuss this topic, the paper has been separated into three main parts which include: DNA evidence, death row, and the Innocence Project. The section regarding DNA evidence starts out with what exactly is DNA and why it is so important to science, forensic science, and then gets further into detail of how it became completely admissible in court cases. The second section being discussed is the death penalty in the United States and has one subsection. It begins with basic information on the death penalty and statistics of conviction, wrongful and not, and what causes people to be wrongfully convicted. The subsection for the death penalty section discusses just a few wrongful conviction cases; what went wrong that these people were wrongly convicted and did they ever get a chance to plead for their innocence after being sent away to death row. The third and final portion discusses the newer and very important program called the Innocence project, explaining what i t is they do and how it has helped people. DNA EVIDENCE Deoxyribonucleic Acid is the official name of DNA, which Donald Shelton notes that â€Å"DNA is the molecular structure in all

Government Regulation Of Monopolies-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Explain how and Why Governments May Want to Regulate the Price Setting Of a Natural Monopoly. Answer: Introduction A monopoly arising out of high fixed costs or start up costs is termed as a natural monopoly. An industry where natural monopoly persists requires unique raw material, specialized technology and other factors which are necessary to operate. The government run public services such as water; electricity and telecommunications are most common examples of Natural monopoly. Generally natural monopolies tend to have high infrastructure cost(Haworth). The concept of Natural monopoly was characterized by John Stuart Mill, who was of the opinion that prices would throw back the cost of production in lack of natural monopoly. In order to have good return on investment it has to acquire a large number of customers. Therefore it is stated that industries which bear high start up cost tend to have low average cost because with huge amount of customers, the output tends to increase(Crugman, Version 7). Let us explain the natural monopoly situation with the help of an example: Demand P = 120-Q Marginal Revenue MR = 120-2Q Average cost AC = 15+ (400/Q) Marginal Cost MC = 15 The average cost has a direct relationship with Marginal cost, because as the AC increases MC tends to remain below the AC. In a natural monopoly AC tends to decline with increasing quantity of output(J, 2012). In the above example if the monopolist is allowed to set its own price and output, then the condition implied would be MR=MC 120-2Q = 15 i.e. Q = 52.5 P = 120-52.5 = 67.5 With the increase in elasticity of demand the monopolistic prices can be broken down. The competitors tend to increase the demand elasticity which implies that if prices are increased part of your demand will go to other competitors in the market(Kadariya, 2014). There are various characteristics of Monopoly. Some of the characteristics includes: Unique vendor, As the market is prevailing with only a single vendor in the market he takes the opportunity to control price and supply of the goods. Due to its uniqueness there are multiple buyers in the market so he has no control over the demand for the goods. No alternate supply sources,(Kumar) The goods in the market doesnt have any alternate products available so there is monopoly of the products. This bounds the customer to go for one product only as they have no choice available to choose its products. Price: As the control lies within the hands of monopolist, he can charge any price from its customers for the same product which creates price discrimination. Restriction to entry: The new entrants cannot enter the market as the power lies in the hands of the monopolist(Patel, 2010). There are many obstacles for the new competitors to beat the already existing supplier. Firm and Industry: As there is only single firm operating in the market, there is no difference between a fir m and an industry. Reasons of the rise of the monopolies are: The essential cause of monopoly is the survival of barriers to entry. Barriers to entry have three forms of origin: Ownership, the government gives the administrative control to single organization to produce exclusive goods, efficiency of one single producer in the cost of production rather than having multiple numbers of producers. The various forms of Natural Monopoly are Regulated Natural Monopoly and Unregulated Natural monopoly. The monopolist can enhance its profits by generating the quantity of output, where MR = MC. This is known as unregulated natural monopoly. The outcomes of unregulated natural monopoly are: Taking advantage by over-charging the customers The Monopoly power lies in the hands of one seller Unethical resource distribution Operational wastefulness To bring unregulated Natural monopoly under control natural monopolies must be regulated. There are fair chances that a firm may incur economic loss, if an organization is regulated to produce optimal quantity of output(Schenk, 1997) Government should provide subsidy to the firms in-order to eradicate economic loss The subsidy provided by the government and price regulated natural monopoly has been explained with the help of a diagram The various ways to control Monopoly if subsidies are not provided by the government are mentioned below: Zero Economic Profit/Balance Output, Natural Monopolies are often standardized to earn Zero Economic Profit. In this situation a firm doesnt expect subsidy from the government. But it can lead to certain difficulties: Lack of control over cost Regulators may find it difficult to acquire accurate information Production and Pricing decision made by a Natural Monopoly, The major variance between a competitive firm and a natural monopoly is its economies of scale i.e. a monopoly firm can influence the price of its product according to its output. An industry which is more competitive has to set the prices as per the prevailing market conditions whereas a monopoly can set the price of its product as per the output availability. The demand curve of a monopoly firm is mostly downward sloping whereas competitive markets have horizontal demand curves. Analysis: Now a question here arises that is monopoly preferable over other market forms? From the point of view of the customers monopoly is not a preferred market as the customer can be overcharged due to no close substitutes available. From the point of view of the monopolist, it is desirable as the producers and suppliers earn huge profits The ways of Regulating Natural Monopolies are mentioned as under, Regulation is common amongst natural monopolies i.e. firms which supply electricity, water and provide telecommunication services. These firms are generally government owned firms. The prices charged by these firms are fixed and regulated by the government authorities. The price set by the government for the products and services of a monopoly firm cannot exceed the marginal cost. In US countries most companies are monopoly regulated. The cost structure and the demand of a natural monopoly firm is so incomparable and doesnt let the competitive firms enter the market easily. The few methods to control Monopoly are discussed below: Legislative Method, By taking legal actions against the monopolist a government can regulate the price of the products. The basic objective of having more monopolies is that the government doesnt want intervention of private firms more in the industry. Control over price and volume produced, In a natural monopoly the government plays an important role in either controlling the output produced or the price of the products. Nationalization, converting the private firms into state ownership firms is of utmost importance where inflation is on rise. Government may decide to take over all the companies who are enjoying monopoly power in the market. Consumers Association, the enlargement of monopoly power can be easily controlled by insisting the formation of consumer associations to enhance the bargaining power of the buyers. Antitrust Policies (the main advantage of anti-trust policies is to avoid business practices that either create or maintain a monopoly) may not be appropriate if monopoly is caused due to increasing economies of scale. The two major anti-trust laws are Sherman Antitrust act which came in the year 1890 and the other law is Clayton anti-trust act. With increasing returns one large firm can produce at a lower cost than several small firms. The most eminent point that emerges from economic study of regulation is that the publicly stated rationale for government action may differ from its original. The important question that arises from regulation is: Why does the government feel that government intervention is a must for running large business? By regulating the market it helps the small companies to enter the market easily and preserve competition. For example, the dominance of Microsoft in recent years has raised the question of whether its practices are monopolistic. Because the corporation controls the majority of the market in nearly all of its markets, there is an overwhelming social pressure for regulation. The earliest regulatory measures were not as focused on competition, however. The goal was to protect the consumer. For example, the Grangers (19th Century farmers) felt that they were being oppressed by unfair practices of the railroads. There was great social unrest in this population because of the practices of large corporations. To avoid revolt and turmoil, the state government passed the Granger Laws. This group of legislation was essentially an attempt to appease the troubled farmers. It was not until the end of the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th that regulation made the turn toward preserving competition. Another trend in regulation is the unfortunate tendency of legislation to have little effect. Most of the laws created to control railroads were simply ignored by the large corporations. Similarly, the action of the Federal Trade Commission against Microsoft is often viewed as a trifle. Judge Stanley Sporkin rejected the June 1995 decision regarding the Microsoft monopoly, saying that the ruling was a mockery and that stricter control must be taken. Most attempts at federal regulation have been mediated, modulated, or amended until they lose much of their original bite. Conclusion: To curb the growth of corporations social and government presence is a must. The dangers of allowing one company to assume supremacy over a market have frightened the government into regulation. Though, in many ways, the legislation fails to achieve its original goal, governmental regulation has become a standard in interstate and international commerce. America was founded on the principle of free trade and freedom of competition. Therefore, the government has assumed the responsibility of preventing the formation of monopolies and curbing unfair practices of large corporations. Owing a firm is one way of controlling natural monopolies. For instance, in the United States, the federal government owns the United States Postal Service, and in Europe, many governments own and operate utilities, such as water and electricity. The main difficulty with government ownership is that these monopolies are operated by bureaucrats, and more often than not, they are unionized, so they have little incentive to operate the business efficiently or to provide good service to the taxpayer. Indeed, if technology were available that increased the efficiency of the monopoly; the bureaucrats would probably reject it to protect their jobs. Furthermore, the bureaucrats act as a special interest group that actively works to enrich itself at the expense of the taxpayers, especially if they are unionized. Operating monopolies normally do not worry about the competition Bibliography Crugman, P. (Version 7). Regulation of Natural Monopoly. In Boundless Economics. Boundless. Haworth, B. (n.d.). Retrieved from natmonop. J, P. (2012). 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